Spin-on filter without a nut plate

ABSTRACT

A spin-on filter that eliminates the use of a nut plate and reduces the number of separate components. Instead, the spin-on filter utilizes the end plate of the filtercartridge to perform a number of functions, including closing the open end of the filter shell, sealing between the dirty and clean fluid sides, sealing between the filter and the mounting head to prevent leakage outside the filter to environment, attaching the filter cartridge to the shell, and sealing the end of the filter media.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/603,721, filed Sep. 5, 2012, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/531,207, filed Sep. 6, 2011. Thecontents of both applications are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to a spin-on filter for use in fluid,for example oil or fuel, filtration that is configured for attachment toa mounting head without the use of a nut plate commonly used on filtersof this type.

BACKGROUND

Typical spin-on fluid filters according to some prior art designs aremounted to the mounting head by the use of an internally-threaded metalnut plate. The nut plate is anchored to the filter shell and includes atleast one flow inlet and a flow exit. A spin-on filter with a nut plateoften includes a large number of components that are required to formthe filter which increases the cost and assembly complexity of thefilter.

Some known spin-on fluid filters eliminate the nut plate. Examplesinclude U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,434,697 and 7,614,504.

Whether or not the spin-on filter includes a nut plate, sealing must beprovided between the head and the filter to prevent leakage outside thefilter to environment, and sealing must be provided between the flowinlet and the flow exit to prevent leakage of unfiltered fluid from theinlet to the filtered fluid outlet. These sealing functions aretypically provided by separate parts of the filter, including the use ofinstalled sealing gaskets.

Improvements to spin-on filters are desirable.

SUMMARY

A spin-on filter is described that eliminates the use of a nut plate andreduces the number of separate components. Instead, the spin-on filterutilizes the top end plate of the filter cartridge to perform a numberof functions, including closing the open end of the filter shell,sealing between the dirty and clean fluid sides, sealing between thefilter and the mounting head to prevent leakage outside the filter toenvironment, attaching the filter cartridge to the shell, and sealingthe end of the filter media.

The filter is less expensive to fabricate, including cost savings byeliminating many of the components found in traditional spin-on filters.The reduced number of components also helps to reduce the weight of thefilter. In addition, by integrating the multiple functionalities in thetop end plate, separate sealing gaskets are avoided while providing aunique interface design. Also, eliminating the nut plate allows morespace availability at the top of filter which can be utilized formaximized slit width or compact filter design.

In one embodiment, the spin-on filter includes a shell having a closedend and an open end. The shell includes threads adjacent the open endthat are configured to connect the shell to a mounting head. A filtercartridge is disposed within the shell that includes filter mediasuitable for filtering a fluid, including but not limited to oil or fuelsuch as diesel fuel. An end plate is attached to the filter media and ispositioned adjacent to and closes the open end of the shell. The endplate has a perimeter edge that is attached to an end of the side wallof the shell which fixes the cartridge to the shell, a central fluidpassageway in fluid communication with an inner space of the filtermedia, and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between theperimeter edge and the central fluid passageway that are in fluidcommunication with the interior space of the shell. The end plate canalso include first and second seals that are integrally formedtherewith. The first seal is located adjacent to and iscircumferentially continuous around the central fluid passageway toenable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluid entering thefilter from filtered fluid exiting the filter. The second seal islocated adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the end plate to enable sealing with the mounting head toprevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head.

The various functions of the end plate of the filter cartridge discussedabove can be used separately from one another or in any combination ofthe functions. For example, the end plate can close the open end of thefilter shell and can be used to attach the filter cartridge to theshell, but sealing is provided by seals other than seals integrallyformed on the end plate. In another example, the end plate can includeintegral seals for sealing between the dirty and clean fluid sides andsealing between the filter and the mounting head to prevent leakageoutside the filter to environment, and the end plate can substantiallyclose the end of the filter shell, but the cartridge can be fixed to theshell in a manner other than by using the end plate. Other combinationsof functions are possible for the end plate.

The end plate can be formed of any material that is suitable to permitthe first and second seals to perform their intended sealing functions.For example, the end plate can be formed of plastisol, polyurethane, aplastic with polyurethane, or other plastic material.

The perimeter edge of the second end plate can be attached to the shellin any manner that is suitable for fixing the cartridge to the shell.The attachment can be detachable to permit replacement of the filtercartridge, or permanent in which case the entire filter will be disposedof. Examples of attachments include, but are not limited to, a snap fitconnection between the perimeter edge and the shell, spin welding theside wall of the shell to the perimeter edge, or molding the perimeteredge with the end of the side wall of the shell.

The threads used to connect the filter to the mounting head can beexterior threads or interior threads. The threads can be integrallyformed on the side wall or can be formed on an attachment cap that isdisposed adjacent to the open end of the shell and that is rotatablerelative to the shell.

The improved spin-on filter described herein has two main subassemblies,namely the filter cartridge and the shell. In addition, the top endplate of the filter cartridge is configured to perform a number offunctions, many of which were performed by separate components in priorspin-on filter designs. Therefore, the number of component parts of thefilter is reduced compared to prior spin-on filter designs, whichreduces cost. In addition, using the top end plate to close the open endof the shell permits an increase in filter media area that can be used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the improved filter described hereinin position to be mounted to a mounting head.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the filter of FIG. 1 mounted to themounting head.

FIG. 3 is close-up view of the portion contained in box 4 in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of the filter of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the filter of FIG. 1 showing theincrease in slit width and pleat depth.

FIG. 6 is a close-up view of the portion contained in box 5 in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is close-up view of the portion contained in box 6 in FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 illustrates the underside of the filter head.

FIG. 9 illustrates another embodiment of an improved filter describedherein mounted to a mounting head.

FIG. 9A is a close-up view of the portion contained in box 9A in FIG. 9.

FIG. 9B is a close-up view similar to FIG. 9A, but taken through one ofthe inlet openings in the end plate.

FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of an improved filter describedherein mounted to a mounting head.

FIG. 11 is a close-up view of the portion contained in box 8 in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 illustrates another embodiment of an improved filter describedherein mounted to a mounting head.

FIG. 13 is a close-up view of another embodiment of sealing between thehead and the filter.

FIG. 14 illustrates another embodiment of an improved filter describedherein mounted to a mounting head.

FIG. 15 illustrates a cap used to mount the filter of FIG. 14 to thehead.

FIG. 16 illustrates another embodiment of an improved filter describedherein mounted to a mounting head.

FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of a cap used to mount the filterof FIG. 16 to the head.

FIG. 18 illustrates an improved filter described herein next to a priorart filter using a nut plate in FIG. 19.

FIG. 19 illustrates a prior art filter using a nut plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference initially to FIGS. 1-7, a spin-on fluid filter 10 inaccordance with one embodiment is illustrated. The filter 10 isconfigured for detachable connection to a filter mounting head 12. Asused herein, the term spin-on refers to the use of rotation to effectconnection and disconnection of the filter 10 to and from the head 12.However, it is believed that the concepts described herein can beapplied to other forms of connection between the filter and the headthat do not require rotation.

The fluid filter 10 will be described herein as being configured forfiltering oil or fuel such as diesel fuel. However, it is contemplatedthat the concepts described herein can be utilized on filters thatfilter others types of fluid, including liquids such as water, and air.In addition, the filter will be described as being configured foroutside-in flow of the fluid where the fluid flows generally radiallyinward through the filter media to a central space and then out througha central outlet. However, the concepts described herein can also beemployed on a filter that is configured for inside-out flow of fluidwhere the fluid flows generally radially outwardly through the mediaduring filtration.

The head 12 includes an inlet 14 for dirty fluid to be filtered by thefilter 10, and an outlet 16 for filtered fluid that has been filtered bythe filter. The inlet 14 is in communication with an interiorcircumferential space 18, and the outlet 16 is in communication with anoutlet space 20. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the head 12 includes acircumferential skirt 22 with interior threads 24 formed on the interiorthereof for use in connecting to the filter 10. A circumferentiallycontinuous sealing surface 26 is formed on the interior of the headadjacent the base end of the skirt 22. In addition, as shown in FIGS. I,2 and 8, a sealing rib 28 projects downwardly from the interior of thehead toward the filter 10 radially inwardly from the sealing surface 26.The rib 28 has an angled sealing surface 30 that faces generally towardthe central axis of the filter. The space 18 is defined between thesealing surface 26 and the rib 28.

The filter head 12 is preferably configured to avoid sealing if oneattempts to install an incorrect filter. For example, as shown in FIG.8, the rib 28 has a plurality of spaced slots 32 provided in it to avoidaxial sealing if an incorrectly configured filter is used with the head12. In addition, the rib 28 is provided with a plurality of halfcircular tabs 34 to avoid any radial sealing if an incorrectlyconfigured filter is used with the head 12.

Returning to FIGS. 1-5, the filter 10 has two main subassemblies, namelya shell 40 and a filter cartridge 42 that is disposed within the shell.The shell 40 can be formed of metal which allows the shell to be madethin. However, the shell can be formed of other materials, includingplastic, if the shell is able to withstand the operating environment,including bearing loads and pressure, of the filter.

The shell 40 has an end wall 44 defining a closed end of the shell, anda side wall 46 extending from the end wall. The side wall 46 has an end48 opposite the end wall 44 that defines an open end of the shell. Theend wall 44 and the sidewall 46 define an interior space 50 of the shellbetween the closed end and the open end which is sized to receive thefilter cartridge 42 therein. As best seen in FIGS. 1-5, the end 48 ofthe side wall includes exterior threads 52 adjacent the open end thatare configured to engage with the threads 24 on the head to connect thefilter to the head. In one embodiment, the shell 40 can be an extendedshell with the threads 52 formed by a rolling, spinning or other formingoperation as per DIN 7273 standard or with any specific thread profile.

The filter cartridge 42 includes filter media 60 that is suitable forfiltering the fluid with which the filter will be used. One example of asuitable filter media 60 is a pleated cellulose media. However, othertypes of filter media can be employed including, but not limited to,multiple media layers and non-pleated media. As described further below,the use of pleated media is advantageous since the use of an end platethat closes the open end of the shell permits an increase in the slitwidth and the pleat depth of the pleated media, which increases themedia area. However, similar increases in media area would be achievedwith non-pleated media.

The media 60 is arranged in a generally cylindrical shape and defines aninner space 62. A plastic or metal center tube 64 is disposed in theinner space 62 and supports an interior surface of the filter media 60.The center tube 64 has a first end that is potted in the bottom endplate as described below, and a second end 66 that is surrounded by theupper end plate (described further below) and which helps defines afiltered fluid outlet of the filter.

A first or bottom end plate 70 is attached to a first end of the filtermedia 60 adjacent to the closed end of the shell. Likewise, a second orupper end plate 72 is attached to a second end of the filter media andis positioned adjacent to and closes the open end of the shell. The endplates 70, 72 seal the ends of the media 60 to prevent fluid fromflowing axially through the ends of the media, so all of the fluid flowsgenerally radially through the media.

In the illustrated embodiment, the ends of the media 60 are attached tothe end plates 70, 72 using an over molding process where the end plates70, 72 are molded around the ends of the media and the ends of thecenter tube. During molding, each end of the media 60 and center tube 64assembly is placed in a mold cavity. Polyurethane, plastisol, plasticwith polyurethane, or other plastic material potting compound isintroduced into the cavity and when cured, the ends of the media and thecenter tube become intimately bonded with the cured material and formsthe end plates 70, 72 that are integral structures with the media andthe center tube.

However, it is contemplated that the media, center tube and the endplates can be attached in other manners, including by embedding the endsof the media and the center tube into pre-formed endplates, by using anadhesive, or through other suitable attachment means.

For ease of construction, the end plates 70, 72 are preferably formed ofthe same material. However, the end plates 70, 72 can be formed ofdifferent materials if it is necessary or considered beneficial in orderto implement the intended sealing functions of the second end plate 72as discussed further below. The material(s) used to form the end platescan be any material(s) that is suitable to perform the intendedfunctions of the end plates 70, 72. For example, the end plates can beformed of plastisol, polyurethane, a plastic with polyurethane, or otherplastic material.

As shown in FIGS. 1-5, the first end plate 70 is closed which means thatthere are no fluid passageways therethrough. However, in otherembodiments, depending upon the intended function of the filter media,one or more openings could be provided at certain locations in the firstend plate 70, for example to allow separated water to flow to a sumparea. Filters designed with a filter-in-filter construction or filterswith hydrophobic media designs typically use this type of end plate withopenings construction. A plurality of tabs 71 are formed on the bottomof the end plate 70 during the molding operation. The tabs 71 act asstoppers for the cartridge 42 when it is being inserted into the shell40. The tabs 71 allow the spring which is normally used in conventionalspin on filters to be eliminated. In addition, the tabs 71 also help tolocate the cartridge 42 in the shell 40.

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the second end plate 72 includes aperimeter edge 74 that is attached to the end 48 of the side wall of theshell, a central filtered fluid outlet passageway 76 in fluidcommunication with the inner space 62, and a plurality of dirty fluidinlet passageways 78 positioned between the perimeter edge 74 and thecentral fluid passageway 76 in fluid communication with the interiorspace 50.

As shown in FIG. 5, the second end plate 72 extends across the entireopen end of the shell, closing the open end. As best seen in FIGS. 4 and5, the perimeter edge 74 is attached to the end 48 by overmolding thesecond end plate 72 onto the end 48 which fixes the filter cartridge tothe shell. Therefore, during the intended use of the filter when it ismounted on the head 12, the only way for fluid to enter the filter I0 isthrough the passageways 78, and the only way for fluid to exit thefilter is through the passageway 76.

In addition to over molding the end plate 72 onto the end 48, the endplate 72 is also molded over the second end 66 of the center tube 64 asdiscussed above. In addition, the first end plate 70 is also over moldedthe first end of the center tube 64.

With reference to FIGS. 2-5, the second end plate 72 includes a firstseal 80 that is configured to seal with the sealing rib 28 to seal dirtyfluid entering the filter from filtered fluid exiting the filter, and asecond seal 82 that is configured to seal with the sealing surface 26 toprevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head. Theseals 80, 82 are integrally formed with, and formed from the samematerial used to form, the end plate 72.

The first seal 80 is located adjacent to, and is circumferentiallycontinuous around and defines, the central fluid passageway 76. Thefirst seal 80 includes an angled surface 84 that engages with and sealsagainst the angled surface 30 on the sealing rib as shown in FIGS. 2 and3. The second end 66 of the center tube 64 provides support to the seal80. Therefore, angular sealing is achieved by compression of the seal 80between two solid pennanent parts of the center tube 64 and the angledsurface of the sealing rib 28.

This forms the sealing for the clean and dirty side. This angularity inthe sealing also provides alignment and it will also compensate forradial variation due to the threads 52 during assembly of the filter 10with the head 12.

The second seal 82 is located adjacent to or at the perimeter edge 74and is circumferentially continuous on the second end plate. The secondseal 82 is configured to engage and seal against the sealing surface 26as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Use of the filter 10 is as follows. The filter 10 is brought toward thehead 12 as shown in FIG. 1, and then threaded onto the head using thethreads 24, 52 as shown in FIG. 2. When completely threaded onto thehead, the angled surface 84 of the seal 80 seals against the angledsurface 30 of the sealing rib 28, while the seal 82 seals against thesealing surface 26. If an incorrectly designed filter is installed, thefilter will not correctly seal against the angled surface 30, and theslots 32 and/or tabs 34 on the rib 28 will permit fluid leakage.

The flow of fluid in the filter is shown by the arrows in FIG. 2. Fluidto be filtered flows into the head via the inlet 14, flows into thespace 18, and then flows through the passageways 78 in the end plate 72into the filter as shown by the arrows. The fluid then flows generallyradially inwardly through the filter media, through openings in thecenter tube and into the inner space 62. The filtered fluid then flowsupwardly through the outlet passageway 76, into the space 20 and thenexits via the outlet 16.

FIGS. 9, 9A and 9B illustrate another embodiment of a filter 100 whichis similar in many respects to the filter 10. Therefore, only thedifferences from the filter 10 will be described in detail, and featuresthat are similar to features in the filter 10 will be designated withthe same reference numerals. As shown in FIG. 9, the head 102 isconfigured similar to the head 12 with respect to the fluid inlet andthe sealing surface 26.

The filter 100 primarily differs from the filter 10 with respect to thecenter tube and fluid outlet design. The second end plate 73 includes afirst seal 90 that is configured for radial sealing with an outlet tube91 of the head while the seal 82 seals against the sealing surface 26.In addition, the filter 100 includes a center tube 108 where the firstend is embedded in the first end plate 70 as in the filter 10. However,the second end of the center tube 108 is simply potted into the secondend plate 73 at a location between the seal 90 and the seal 82 as bestseen in FIGS. 9A and 9B.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the perimeter edge 74 of the end plate 73is attached to the end 48 of the shell by overmolding the second endplate 73 onto the end 48 which fixes the filter cartridge to the shell.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate an embodiment of a filter 120 that employs adifferently configured second end plate 122. The end plate 122 includesa first seal 124 that is configured for radial sealing with an outlettube 126 of the head. The end plate 122 also includes a second seal 128formed by an axially projecting rib with an inner surface 130, and anangled outer surface 132. The seal 128 fits into a channel formed in thehead between an inner rib 134 and an outer rib 136. The angled outersurface 132 engages and seals against an angled surface on the outer rib136, while the inner surface 130 seals against a surface of the innerrib 134.

In addition, the end plate 122 includes a perimeter edge 140 that isshaped as a circumferentially continuous rounded bead. The beaded edge140 is configured to snap fit connect with a rounded end 142 of theshell. This snap fit connection would permit replacement of the filtercartridge at the end of its useful life. Instead of a snap fitconnection, the end 142 and the perimeter edge 140 can be spin weldedtogether. Spin welding of filter parts is known in the art.

FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of a filter 150 that employs adifferently configured second end plate 152. In this embodiment, the endplate 152 includes a first seal 154 that is configured for radialsealing with an outlet tube 156 of the head. The end plate 152 alsoincludes a second seal 158 that engages and seals against a sealingsurface 160 that is similar to the sealing surface 26 in FIG. 9A. Inaddition, the end plate 152 includes a perimeter edge 162 that includesa circumferentially continuous, radial groove 164 that is configured tosnap fit connect with a rounded end 166 of the shell. This snap fitconnection would pennit replacement of the filter cartridge at the endof its useful life. Instead of a snap fit connection, the end 166 andthe perimeter edge 162 can be spin welded together.

FIG. 13 illustrates another embodiment of a second end plate 180 with asecond seal 182 that has a rounded edge 184 that engages and seals witha rounded sealing surface on the head. A first seal 186 is configuredfor radial sealing with an outlet tube of the head.

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate an embodiment of a filter 200 where thethreads that connect the filter 200 to the head are formed on anattachment cap 202 disposed adjacent to the open end of the filter andthat is rotatable relative to the shell. An upper end 204 of the shellis flared outwardly and defines a shelf 206. The cap 202 includes abottom end that engages the shelf 206, and an upper end that isinternally threaded 208 for engagement with exterior threads on thehead.

The filter 200 also includes a second end plate 210 with a first seal212 that is configured similar to the first seal 154 in FIG. 12, and asecond seal 214 at a perimeter edge 216. The perimeter edge 216 definesa radial slot that receives the end of the shell, where the second seal214 defines the upper side of the slot and which seals with a sealingsurface on the head. This construction permits the end plate 210 to besnap fitted into the shell. Alternatively, the end of the shell and theend plate 210 can be spin welded together. Also, the attachment cap 202is loosely fitted on the end of the filter 200. This permits the filterto be removed from the attachment cap 202 to allow replacement of thefilter 200.

FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate another embodiment of a filter 231 which issimilar in many respects to the filter 100 in FIG. 9. Therefore onlydifferences from the filter 100 will be described in detail and featuresthat are similar to features in the filter 100 will be designated withsame reference numerals. As shown in FIG. 16, the head 230 is configuredsimilar to the head 102 shown in FIGS. 9, 9A and 9B, including fluidinlet and fluid outlet, and a similar sealing surface 26 and outlet tube91.

The filter 231 primarily differs from the filter 100 with respect to theshell, which has no threads formed on it, and the connecting arrangementthat connects the filter 231 to the filter head 230. The filter 231 isconnected to the head 230 in a similar manner to the filter 200 as shownin FIG. 14, where the threads that connect the filter 231 to the head230 are formed on an attachment cap 236 disposed adjacent to the openend of the filter shell 232 and that is rotatable relative to the shell.The cap 236 includes a bottom end 238 that engages a shelf 233 formed onthe shell 232 and an upper end that is internally threaded 237 forengagement with exterior threads 239 on the head 230.

The lower, non-illustrated portions of the filters in FIGS. 10-14 and 16can be similar to the lower filter portions illustrated in FIGS. 1-2 and9, or they can have a different configuration than in FIGS. 1-2 and 9.

With reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, a filter 250 constructed inaccordance with the concepts described herein is illustrated next to aprior art filter 300 that uses a nut plate. As described above, thefilter 250 has two main subassemblies, namely a shell and a filtercartridge, where the filter cartridge comprises filter media, a centertube, a molded bottom endplate and a molded top endplate that is fixedat its perimeter edge to the shell to close the open end of the shelland which defines first and second seals. Avoiding the nut plate allowsmore space availability at the top of the filter, which can be used toincrease the slit width of the filter media (shown in FIG. 5) resultingin increased filter media area, or used to reduce the axial length ofthe filter. In addition, since the molded top end plate extends to andcloses the open end of the shell, the pleat depth of the filter media(shown in FIG. 5) can be increased, resulting in increased filter mediaarea.

In contrast, the prior art filter 300 includes all of the componentslisted in FIG. 19. In addition, the presence of the nut plate results inan increase in the axial length of the filter 300 compared to the axiallength of the filter 250.

The invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from thespirit or novel characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed inthis application are to be

considered in all respects as illustrative and not limitative. The scopeof the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by theforegoing description; and all changes which come within the meaning andrange of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A spin-on filter comprising: a shell having anend wall defining a closed end of the shell, and a side wall extendingfrom the end wall, the side wall having an end opposite the end wallthat defines an open end of the shell, the end wall and the side walldefining an interior space of the shell between the closed end and theopen end, the end of the side wall includes threads adjacent the openend configured to connect the shell to a mounting head; a filtercartridge disposed in the interior space of the shell, the filtercartridge including: filter media suitable for filtering a fluid, thefilter media defining an inner space; a center tube in the inner spaceand supporting an interior surface of the filter media; a first, closedend plate attached to a first end of the filter media, the closed endplate is adjacent to the closed end of the shell; a second end plateattached to a second end of the filter media, the second end plate ispositioned adjacent to and closes the open end of the shell; the secondend plate includes a perimeter edge attached to the end of the side wallof the shell, a central fluid passageway in fluid communication with theinner space, and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between theperimeter edge and the central fluid passageway in fluid communicationwith the interior space; and the second end plate includes first andsecond seals integrally formed therewith, the first seal is locatedadjacent to and is circumferentially continuous around the central fluidpassageway to enable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluidentering the filter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the secondseal is located adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the end of the side wall is rounded toward the filter cartridge,and wherein the perimeter edge of the second end plate comprises acircumferentially continuous bead configured for a snap fit engagementto the end of the side wall.
 2. The filter of claim 1, wherein an end ofthe center tube is potted into the second end plate between the firstand second seals.
 3. A spin-on filter comprising: a shell having an endwall defining a closed end of the shell, and a side wall extending fromthe end wall, the side wall having an end opposite the end wall thatdefines an open end of the shell, the end wall and the side walldefining an interior space of the shell between the closed end and theopen end, the end of the side wall includes threads adjacent the openend configured to connect the shell to a mounting head; a filtercartridge disposed in the interior space of the shell, the filtercartridge including: filter media suitable for filtering a fluid, thefilter media defining an inner space; a center tube in the inner spaceand supporting an interior surface of the filter media; a first, closedend plate attached to a first end of the filter media, the closed endplate is adjacent to the closed end of the shell; a second end plateattached to a second end of the filter media, the second end plate ispositioned adjacent to and closes the open end of the shell; the secondend plate includes a perimeter edge attached to the end of the side wallof the shell, a central fluid passageway in fluid communication with theinner space, and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between theperimeter edge and the central fluid passageway in fluid communicationwith the interior space; and the second end plate includes first andsecond seals integrally formed therewith, the first seal is locatedadjacent to and is circumferentially continuous around the central fluidpassageway to enable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluidentering the filter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the secondseal is located adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the second end plate is overmolded onto the end of the side wallof the shell.
 4. The filter of claim 3, wherein the second end plate isovermolded onto an end of the center tube.
 5. A spin-on filtercomprising: a shell having an end wall defining a closed end of theshell, and a side wall extending from the end wall, the side wall havingan end opposite the end wall that defines an open end of the shell, theend wall and the side wall defining an interior space of the shellbetween the closed end and the open end, the end of the side wallincludes threads adjacent the open end configured to connect the shellto a mounting head; a filter cartridge disposed in the interior space ofthe shell, the filter cartridge including: filter media suitable forfiltering a fluid, the filter media defining an inner space; a centertube in the inner space and supporting an interior surface of the filtermedia; a first, closed end plate attached to a first end of the filtermedia, the closed end plate is adjacent to the closed end of the shell;a second end plate attached to a second end of the filter media, thesecond end plate is positioned adjacent to and closes the open end ofthe shell; the second end plate includes a perimeter edge attached tothe end of the side wall of the shell, a central fluid passageway influid communication with the inner space, and a plurality of fluidpassageways positioned between the perimeter edge and the central fluidpassageway in fluid communication with the interior space; and thesecond end plate includes first and second seals integrally formedtherewith, the first seal is located adjacent to and iscircumferentially continuous around the central fluid passageway toenable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluid entering thefilter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the second seal islocated adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the second seal comprises an axially projecting rib with aninner surface configured for engagement to an inner rib of a mountinghead and an angled outer surface configured for engagement to an outerrib of the mounting head.
 6. A spin-on filter comprising: a shell havingan end wall defining a closed end of the shell, and a side wallextending from the end wall, the side wall having an end opposite theend wall that defines an open end of the shell, the end wall and theside wall defining an interior space of the shell between the closed endand the open end, the end of the side wall includes threads adjacent theopen end configured to connect the shell to a mounting head; a filtercartridge disposed in the interior space of the shell, the filtercartridge including: filter media suitable for filtering a fluid, thefilter media defining an inner space; a center tube in the inner spaceand supporting an interior surface of the filter media; a first, closedend plate attached to a first end of the filter media, the closed endplate is adjacent to the closed end of the shell; a second end plateattached to a second end of the filter media, the second end plate ispositioned adjacent to and closes the open end of the shell; the secondend plate includes a perimeter edge attached to the end of the side wallof the shell, a central fluid passageway in fluid communication with theinner space, and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between theperimeter edge and the central fluid passageway in fluid communicationwith the interior space; and the second end plate includes first andsecond seals integrally formed therewith, the first seal is locatedadjacent to and is circumferentially continuous around the central fluidpassageway to enable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluidentering the filter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the secondseal is located adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the end of the side wall is rounded away from the filtercartridge, and wherein the perimeter edge of the second end platecomprises a circumferentially continuous radial groove configured for asnap fit engagement to the rounded end of the side wall.
 7. A spin-onfilter comprising: a shell having an end wall defining a closed end ofthe shell, and a side wall extending from the end wall, the side wallhaving an end opposite the end wall that defines an open end of theshell, the end wall and the side wall defining an interior space of theshell between the closed end and the open end, the end of the side wallincludes threads adjacent the open end configured to connect the shellto a mounting head; a filter cartridge disposed in the interior space ofthe shell, the filter cartridge including: filter media suitable forfiltering a fluid, the filter media defining an inner space; a centertube in the inner space and supporting an interior surface of the filtermedia; a first, closed end plate attached to a first end of the filtermedia, the closed end plate is adjacent to the closed end of the shell;a second end plate attached to a second end of the filter media, thesecond end plate is positioned adjacent to and closes the open end ofthe shell; the second end plate includes a perimeter edge attached tothe end of the side wall of the shell, a central fluid passageway influid communication with the inner space, and a plurality of fluidpassageways positioned between the perimeter edge and the central fluidpassageway in fluid communication with the interior space; and thesecond end plate includes first and second seals integrally formedtherewith, the first seal is located adjacent to and iscircumferentially continuous around the central fluid passageway toenable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluid entering thefilter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the second seal islocated adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the second seal comprises a rounded edge configured forengagement to a rounded sealing surface of the mounting head.
 8. Aspin-on filter comprising: a shell having an end wall defining a closedend of the shell, and a side wall extending from the end wall, the sidewall having an end opposite the end wall that defines an open end of theshell, the end wall and the side wall defining an interior space of theshell between the closed end and the open end, the end of the side wallincludes structure adjacent the open end configured to connect the shellto a mounting head; a filter cartridge disposed in the interior space ofthe shell, the filter cartridge including: filter media suitable forfiltering a fluid, the filter media defining an inner space; a first endplate attached to a first end of the filter media, the first end plateis adjacent to the closed end of the shell, and the first end plateseals the first end of the filter media; a second end plate attached toa second end of the filter media, the second end plate is positionedadjacent to and closes the open end of the shell, and the second endplate seals the second end of the filter media; the second end plateincludes a perimeter edge attached to the end of the side wall of theshell, a central fluid passageway in fluid communication with the innerspace, and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between theperimeter edge and the central fluid passageway in fluid communicationwith the interior space; and the second end plate includes first andsecond seals integrally formed therewith, the first seal is locatedadjacent to and is circumferentially continuous around the central fluidpassageway to enable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluidentering the filter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the secondseal is located adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the second end plate is overmolded onto the end of the side wallof the shell.
 9. The spin-on filter of claim 8, further comprising acenter tube in the inner space, the center tube extends from the firstend plate to the second end plate, and the center tube has a first endand a second end that are molded with the first end plate and the secondend plate, respectively.
 10. The filter of claim 9, wherein the secondend plate is overmolded onto an end of the center tube.
 11. The filterof claim 9, wherein an end of the center tube is potted into the secondend plate between the first and second seals.
 12. A spin-on filtercomprising: a shell having an end wall defining a closed end of theshell, and a side wall extending from the end wall, the side wall havingan end opposite the end wall that defines an open end of the shell, theend wall and the side wall defining an interior space of the shellbetween the closed end and the open end, the end of the side wallincludes structure adjacent the open end configured to connect the shellto a mounting head; a filter cartridge disposed in the interior space ofthe shell, the filter cartridge including: filter media suitable forfiltering a fluid, the filter media defining an inner space; a first endplate attached to a first end of the filter media, the first end plateis adjacent to the closed end of the shell, and the first end plateseals the first end of the filter media; a second end plate attached toa second end of the filter media, the second end plate is positionedadjacent to and closes the open end of the shell, and the second endplate seals the second end of the filter media; the second end plateincludes a perimeter edge attached to the end of the side wall of theshell, a central fluid passageway in fluid communication with the innerspace, and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between theperimeter edge and the central fluid passageway in fluid communicationwith the interior space; and the second end plate includes first andsecond seals integrally formed therewith, the first seal is locatedadjacent to and is circumferentially continuous around the central fluidpassageway to enable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluidentering the filter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the secondseal is located adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the second seal comprises an axially projecting rib with aninner surface configured for engagement to an inner rib of a mountinghead and an angled outer surface configured for engagement to an outerrib of the mounting head.
 13. A spin-on filter comprising: a shellhaving an end wall defining a closed end of the shell, and a side wallextending from the end wall, the side wall having an end opposite theend wall that defines an open end of the shell, the end wall and theside wall defining an interior space of the shell between the closed endand the open end, the end of the side wall includes structure adjacentthe open end configured to connect the shell to a mounting head; afilter cartridge disposed in the interior space of the shell, the filtercartridge including: filter media suitable for filtering a fluid, thefilter media defining an inner space; a first end plate attached to afirst end of the filter media, the first end plate is adjacent to theclosed end of the shell, and the first end plate seals the first end ofthe filter media; a second end plate attached to a second end of thefilter media, the second end plate is positioned adjacent to and closesthe open end of the shell, and the second end plate seals the second endof the filter media; the second end plate includes a perimeter edgeattached to the end of the side wall of the shell, a central fluidpassageway in fluid communication with the inner space, and a pluralityof fluid passageways positioned between the perimeter edge and thecentral fluid passageway in fluid communication with the interior space;and the second end plate includes first and second seals integrallyformed therewith, the first seal is located adjacent to and iscircumferentially continuous around the central fluid passageway toenable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluid entering thefilter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the second seal islocated adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the end of the side wall is rounded toward the filter cartridge,and wherein the perimeter edge of the second end plate comprises acircumferentially continuous bead configured for a snap fit engagementto the end of the side wall.
 14. A spin-on filter comprising: a shellhaving an end wall defining a closed end of the shell, and a side wallextending from the end wall, the side wall having an end opposite theend wall that defines an open end of the shell, the end wall and theside wall defining an interior space of the shell between the closed endand the open end, the end of the side wall includes structure adjacentthe open end configured to connect the shell to a mounting head; afilter cartridge disposed in the interior space of the shell, the filtercartridge including: filter media suitable for filtering a fluid, thefilter media defining an inner space; a first end plate attached to afirst end of the filter media, the first end plate is adjacent to theclosed end of the shell, and the first end plate seals the first end ofthe filter media; a second end plate attached to a second end of thefilter media, the second end plate is positioned adjacent to and closesthe open end of the shell, and the second end plate seals the second endof the filter media; the second end plate includes a perimeter edgeattached to the end of the side wall of the shell, a central fluidpassageway in fluid communication with the inner space, and a pluralityof fluid passageways positioned between the perimeter edge and thecentral fluid passageway in fluid communication with the interior space;and the second end plate includes first and second seals integrallyformed therewith, the first seal is located adjacent to and iscircumferentially continuous around the central fluid passageway toenable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluid entering thefilter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the second seal islocated adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the end of the side wall is rounded away from the filtercartridge, and wherein the perimeter edge of the second end platecomprises a circumferentially continuous radial groove configured for asnap fit engagement to the rounded end of the side wall.
 15. A spin-onfilter comprising: a shell having an end wall defining a closed end ofthe shell, and a side wall extending from the end wall, the side wallhaving an end opposite the end wall that defines an open end of theshell, the end wall and the side wall defining an interior space of theshell between the closed end and the open end, the end of the side wallincludes structure adjacent the open end configured to connect the shellto a mounting head; a filter cartridge disposed in the interior space ofthe shell, the filter cartridge including: filter media suitable forfiltering a fluid, the filter media defining an inner space; a first endplate attached to a first end of the filter media, the first end plateis adjacent to the closed end of the shell, and the first end plateseals the first end of the filter media; a second end plate attached toa second end of the filter media, the second end plate is positionedadjacent to and closes the open end of the shell, and the second endplate seals the second end of the filter media; the second end plateincludes a perimeter edge attached to the end of the side wall of theshell, a central fluid passageway in fluid communication with the innerspace, and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between theperimeter edge and the central fluid passageway in fluid communicationwith the interior space; and the second end plate includes first andsecond seals integrally formed therewith, the first seal is locatedadjacent to and is circumferentially continuous around the central fluidpassageway to enable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluidentering the filter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the secondseal is located adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head,wherein the second seal comprises a rounded edge configured forengagement to a rounded sealing surface of the mounting head.
 16. Aspin-on filter comprising: a shell having an end wall defining a closedend of the shell, and a side wall extending from the end wall, the sidewall having an end opposite the end wall that defines an open end of theshell, the end wall and the side wall defining an interior space of theshell between the closed end and the open end, the end of the side walldefines a shelf adjacent the open end; a filter cartridge disposed inthe interior space of the shell, the filter cartridge including: filtermedia suitable for filtering a fluid, the filter media defining an innerspace; a center tube in the inner space and supporting an interiorsurface of the filter media; a first, closed end plate attached to afirst end of the filter media, the closed end plate is adjacent to theclosed end of the shell; a second end plate attached to a second end ofthe filter media, the second end plate is positioned adjacent to andcloses the open end of the shell; the second end plate includes aperimeter edge attached to the end of the side wall of the shell, acentral fluid passageway in fluid communication with the inner space,and a plurality of fluid passageways positioned between the perimeteredge and the central fluid passageway in fluid communication with theinterior space; and the second end plate includes first and second sealsintegrally formed therewith, the first seal is located adjacent to andis circumferentially continuous around the central fluid passageway toenable sealing with the mounting head to seal dirty fluid entering thefilter from filtered fluid exiting the filter; the second seal islocated adjacent to the perimeter edge and is circumferentiallycontinuous on the second end plate to enable sealing with the mountinghead to prevent fluid leakage between the filter and the mounting head;and an attachment cap removably coupled to the shelf of the shell at afirst attachment cap end and comprising structure at a second attachmentcap end configured to connect to the mounting head.
 17. The filter ofclaim 16, wherein the perimeter edge defines a radial slot configured toreceive the end of the side wall of the shell, wherein the second sealdefines an upper side of the slot.
 18. The filter of claim 16, whereinthe structure at the second attachment cap end comprises threads.